O'Leary Home

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Landmark Images:
The Cottage of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary; J. H. Abbott, Stereograph, 1871 (ichi-02741)

The Cottage of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary; J. H. Abbott, Stereograph, 1871 (ichi-02741)

While many of the neighboring residences (not to mention a third of the entire city of Chicago) went up in smoke, the home of the O'Learys escaped destruction. The infamous barn behind the house and most of the animals within it—a horse and the five cows that provided the milk that Catherine O’Leary sold locally—were not so fortunate (a calf was saved).  The O’Learys and their five children lived in the rear section of this double cottage, renting the front to a family named McLaughlin.

The Cause of the Great Chicago Fire Oct. 9th 1871; Kellogg & Buckeley, Lithograph, ca. 1872 (ichi-34703)

The Cause of the Great Chicago Fire Oct. 9th 1871; Kellogg & Buckeley, Lithograph, ca. 1872 (ichi-34703)

This rendition of the mythic moment in the barn includes a caption that warns of the dangers of kerosene lamps, plus a handwritten translation and inscription in German.

Lamp Found in O'Leary's Barn; from A. T. Andreas, History of Chicago, vol. 2, 1885 (ichi-51076)

Lamp Found in O'Leary's Barn; from A. T. Andreas, History of Chicago, vol. 2, 1885 (ichi-51076)

 

Simple objects connected (or even supposedly connected) to the fire's origin took on a special value. In his History of Chicago, A.T. Andreas supplied this sketch of a broken lamp that was reportedly found in the ashes. Andreas quotes an O'Leary neighbor, Joseph Dushek: "Just after the fire, while looking through the ruins of the O'Leary barn, I found an oil lamp, of the usual pattern, with a foundation-piece, about five and a half inches square, of brown stone or marble. The upright piece which set into it, and upon which rested the oil-holder, was of brass. The foundation piece, the upright, and the oil-reservoir or holder, were all together. The oil-holder, however, had been broken. The globe and chimney were gone."

A fire memoir by S.H. Kimball, who was a boy at the time, recollects that the south wall of the barn was still standing after the fire, and that when he and a friend came to look at it, "Mrs. O'Leary came out with a broom stick in her hand and drove us away. As I recall, she acted like an insane woman." Later he returned to the shed, "in hopes that I could find something." He continued, "As I was looking about, I noticed that one of the planks in the floor of the shed had been broken forming a V shaped space. This space was filled with burnt hay and a glitter [and] sparkle caught my eye. Leaning down I picked up the bottom of a small glass lamp." Kimball claimed that it was later stolen by an Irish servant of his family acting at the urging of friends "who wished her to get rid of this piece of evidence against them."

Wood Fragment from O'Leary Barn (ichi-64489)

Wood Fragment from O'Leary Barn (ichi-64489)

One of two such pieces of wood in the Chicago History Museum's collections that were supposedly reclaimed from the destroyed barn.  The Museum also owns cowbells that were said to be found on the site.  The authenticity of these artifacts is open to question.

Sacred Site; Betty Hulett, Photograph, 1952 (ichi-63954)

Sacred Site; Betty Hulett, Photograph, 1952 (ichi-63954)

By the 1880s the O'Leary cottage was gone, and a brick and stone house stood in its place.  Just as the O'Learys were affectionately accepted into Chicago folklore, the location where the fire began assumed an elevated status and became a center of civic ceremony. Here a crowd including nuns and schoolchildren gather in front of the house (note the commemorative plaque) for festivities that include the appearance of a fire-era steam pump engine manned by firefighters in uniforms from the same period.

Full Circle; Stefani Foster, Digital Photograph, 2011

Full Circle; Stefani Foster, Digital Photograph, 2011

The Chicago Fire Academy, whose footprint includes the site of the O’Leary Cottage, was dedicated on May 15, 1961.  Egon Weiner’s representation of a flame stands just to the west of the entrance at Jefferson and DeKoven.  It is here that the city’s firefighters are trained.  In 1978 the academy was named after Robert J. Quinn, who had served almost fifty years in the department, twenty-one of them as commissioner. 

Marking the Spot; Stefani Foster, Digital Photograph, 2011

Marking the Spot; Stefani Foster, Digital Photograph, 2011